Treatment of Anchorage of Main Bars with Terminal 180<sup>o</sup> Hooks or 90<sup>o</sup> Bends in Reinforced Concrete by Codes of Practice -A Critical Review (Part Two: Anchorages of Bars with Terminal 180<sup>o</sup> Hooks or 90<sup>o</sup> Bends)
Keywords:
bearing stress, 180o hooks or 90o bends, tail length, concrete strength, concrete cover, transverse reinforcement, transverse pressureAbstract
This part presents a comparative study of the anchorages of bars with terminal 180o hooks or 90o bends anchorage in reinforced concrete according to the BS8110, BD44/95, EC2 and AC1-318.
There appear to be no published substations of the BD’s equation, or those in BS8100 and EC2, and the unpublished tests by the Cement and Concrete Association which appear to have been the basis for BS8110’s expression were of “loopsâ€, i.e. bends loaded at both ends.
Due to the scarcity of results from tests of bent and hooked anchorages in beams or slabs no comparisons were made with the current codes, only a parametric study is carried out to demonstrate the differences in codes' treatments except ACI-318 The recommendations of ACI 318 do not provide a general method of calculating resistances of anchorages with hooks and bends.
There are considerable ambiguities in the available design recommendations particularly in regard to the circumstances in which the resistance to bearing stresses in the bends needs to be checked.
References
BS8110 Structural use of concrete, Part 1, Code of practice for design and construction, British Standards Institution, London 2005.
EuroCode 2: Design of Concrete Structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004, British Standards Institution London, Dec.2004
- BD 44/95, The assessment of concrete highway bridges and structures, Highways Agency, HMSO, London, 1995.
ACI 318M-05, Building code requirements for structural concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills. MI. 2005.
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