Low Metal Loading Palladium Mixed-Oxides Catalyst for the Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Authors

  • Anisah Sajidah Haji Saud University Malaysia Pahang
  • Vidhyaa Paroo Indran
  • Nazira Talib
  • Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim

Keywords:

Glycerol, Glycerol Carbonate, Palladium, Metal Oxide Catalyst

Abstract

Glycerol carbonate can be readily synthesized from glycerol and urea catalyzed by PdZnO, PdSnO2, SnO2, and ZnO. The superior catalytic activity of ZnO over SnO2 is mainly due to basicity property. The incorporation of low metal loading of Pd on both SnO2 and ZnO produced higher yield of glycerol carbonate to bulk material counterpart. In addition, the sol-gel technique was shown to have higher turn-over frequency (TOF) due to highly disperse Pd with small crystallite size.

Author Biography

Anisah Sajidah Haji Saud, University Malaysia Pahang

Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang,

References

A. Corma, S. Iborra, and A. Velty, "Chemical routes for the transformation of biomass into chemicals," Chemical Reviews, vol. 107, pp. 2411-2502, 2007.

D. Singh, B. Reddy, A. Ganesh, and S. Mahajani, "Zinc/Lanthanum mixed-oxide catalyst for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 53, pp. 18786-18795, 2014.

M. J. Climent, A. Corma, P. De Frutos, S. Iborra, M. Noy, A. Velty, et al., "Chemicals from biomass: synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification and carbonylation with urea with hydrotalcite catalysts. The role of acid–base pairs," Journal of catalysis, vol. 269, pp. 140-149, 2010.

C. V. Arthur, J. J. B. Bell, and M. J. David, "Method for preparing glycerin carbonate," ed: Google Patents, 1959.

V. P. Indran, N. A. S. Zuhaimi, M. A. Deraman, G. P. Maniam, M. M. Yusoff, T.-Y. Y. Hin, et al., "An accelerated route of glycerol carbonate formation from glycerol using waste boiler ash as catalyst," RSC Advances, vol. 4, pp. 25257-25267, 2014.

N. A. S. Zuhaimi, V. P. Indran, M. A. Deraman, N. F. Mudrikah, G. P. Maniam, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap, et al., "Reusable gypsum based catalyst for synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 502, pp. 312-319, 2015.

K. Jagadeeswaraiah, C. R. Kumar, P. S. Prasad, S. Loridant, and N. Lingaiah, "Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea over tin-tungsten mixed oxide catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 469, pp. 165-172, 2014.

M. H. Ab Rahim, Q. He, J. A. Lopez-Sanchez, C. Hammond, N. Dimitratos, M. Sankar, et al., "Gold, palladium and gold–palladium supported nanoparticles for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea," Catalysis Science & Technology, vol. 2, pp. 1914-1924, 2012.

S. K. Virender, Dhiman, R.L., Davende,r S., Maan, A.S. and Susheel, A, "Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Oxide nano particles via Sol-Gel method using Ethanol as solvent," International Journal Of Advance Research In Science And Engineering, pp. 1-6, 2013.

S.-i. Fujita, Y. Yamanishi, and M. Arai, "Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using zinc-containing solid catalysts: A homogeneous reaction," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 297, pp. 137-141, 2013.

D.-W. Kim, K.-A. Park, M.-J. Kim, D.-H. Kang, J.-G. Yang, and D.-W. Park, "Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from urea and glycerol using polymer-supported metal containing ionic liquid catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 473, pp. 31-40, 2014.

P. Manjunathan, S. P. Maradur, and G. V. Shanbhag, "A novel zinc-tin composite bifunctional catalyst for the selective synthesis of glycerol carbonate via carbonylation of glycerol with urea."

A. Gordillo and G. C. Lloydâ€Jones, "Pdâ€Catalyzed Reaction of Allyl Carbonate with Polyols: The Role of CO2 in Transesterification versus Etherification of Glycerol," Chemistry-A European Journal, vol. 18, pp. 2660-2665, 2012.

M. Aresta, A. Dibenedetto, F. Nocito, and C. Pastore, "A study on the carboxylation of glycerol to glycerol carbonate with carbon dioxide: the role of the catalyst, solvent and reaction conditions," Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 257, pp. 149-153, 2006.

H. Yuan and J. Xu, "Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of nanometer SnO2," International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, vol. 1, pp. 241-246, 2010.

H. An, L. Pan, H. Cui, B. Li, D. Zhou, J. Zhai, et al., "Synthesis and performance of palladium-based catalysts for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline fuel cells," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 102, pp. 79-87, 2013.

R. K. Petla, S. Vivekanandhan, M. Misra, A. K. Mohanty, and N. Satyanarayana, "Soybean (Glycine max) leaf extract based green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles," 2011.

R. L. Franco, T. G. Oliveira, A. M. G. Pedrosa, S. Naviciene, and M. J. Souza, "Textural properties of nickel, palladium and titanium oxides supported on MCM-41 materials and their application on oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene," Materials Research, vol. 16, pp. 1448-1456, 2013.

L. Warr and A. Rice, "Interlaboratory standardization and calibration of day mineral crystallinity and crystallite size data," Journal of metamorphic Geology, vol. 12, pp. 141-152, 1994.

N. Talebian and F. Jafarinezhad, "Morphology-controlled synthesis of SnO2 nanostructures using hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic applications," Ceramics International, vol. 39, pp. 8311-8317, 2013.

Downloads

Published

2016-03-05

How to Cite

Haji Saud, A. S., Indran, V. P., Talib, N., & Rahim, M. H. A. (2016). Low Metal Loading Palladium Mixed-Oxides Catalyst for the Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(1). Retrieved from https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAS/article/view/3107