Park Chung-Hee Regime's Saemaul Undong an the Populist Political Strategy-Focusing on Rural Saemaul Undong in the 1970s-

Authors

  • Jea-Hoon Ha Saemaul Globalization Foundation

Keywords:

Saemaul Undong, Rural Development, Korean Populist, Political Strategy, Park Chung-Hee, 1970

Abstract

Ha Jea-Hoon

Saemaul Globalization Foundation

Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea jeahoonha@hanmail.net

ABSTRACT - This study purports to review Saemaul Undong (new village movement) in the 1970s as a rural modernization movement from a perspective of populism. From the perspective of direct appeals to the people and top-down solidarity as a basic theory of populism, the development of Saemaul Undong in the 1970s can be interpreted as the process of interaction of combination of the governing strategy of the Park, Chung-Hee regime and villager’s socioeconomic demands. Park obtained comradeship or comradely union from villagers by holding several rural events and providing economic rewards by encouraging comradely connection with the people. The regime pursued strong solidarity between the nation and rural areas by applying the cooperative traditions of rural areas to the organization and system of Saemaul Undong. The administration attained successful results by making the people have identical group consciousness through large-scale Saemaul education and Saemaul symbols and eventually disseminated the governing ideology of modernization throughout the country effectively. Therefore, his administration came to vitalize and spread Saemaul Undong in the 1970s through building a comradely sense among the people, strengthening solidarity between the nation and the people, and reinforcing the identity between the people. That is a basic theory of populism which is one type of governing strategies, containing direct appeals to the people and top-down solidarity

Keywords: Saemaul Undong, populism, Park Chung-Hee regime, mass mobilization, rural modernization

Author Biography

Jea-Hoon Ha, Saemaul Globalization Foundation

Dr. Ha Jea Hoon

Sorks for Saemaul Globalization Foundation of Gyeongsangbuk-do as a  Project Operation Department head with a rank of General Manager. Main Duties and Responsibilities are  Developing and supervising global Saemaul Pilote Village projects, Managing, planning and Supervising pilot villages in Africa, training Saemaul Volunteer Corps . . .

References

REFERENCES

Canovan, Margaret. (1982). "Two Strategies for the Study of Populism". Political Studies. 30(4.)

Economy Planning. (1961-1975). Board. Korea Statistical Yearbook. [Korean]

Go, Won. (2006). “Rural Saemaul Undong and Construction of Modern Nation in the Park, Chung-Hee Administrationâ€. Economy and Society. Spring Issue, Seoul. [Korean]

Han, Do-Hyeon. (1998). “Structure and Change in Rural Society in the 1960sâ€. A Study on Social Change after Korean War. The Institute of Modern History of the Academy of Korean Studies, Seoul. [Korean]

Hwang, Hyeong-Ju. (2004). “Dominant Discourses and Nationalization of the People in the Park, Chung-Hee Administrationâ€. Compiled by Lim, Ji-Hyeon & Kim, Yong-Woo. Mass Dictatorship, Book World, Seoul. [Korean]

Jeon, In-Gweon. (2001). “A Biographical Study on Park, Chung-Hee’s Political Thoughts and Actionsâ€. A doctoral dissertation at Seoul National University, Seoul. [Korean]

Jo, Hui-Yeon. (2004). “Force and Agreement in the Era of Park, Chung-Heeâ€. The Institute for Korean Historical Studies. Critical Review of History, Spring Issue, Seoul. [Korean]

Kim, Dae-Hwan. (1993). “Economic Growth in the Park, Chung-Hee Administration: Myth and Realityâ€. The Institute for Korean Historical Studies. Critical Review of History, Winter Issue, Seoul. [Korean]

Kim, Dae-Yeong. (2004). “A Study on National Mobilization Mechanism of Park, Chung-Heeâ€. Economy and Society. Spring Issue. Seoul. [Korean]

Kim, Heung-Sun. (2000). “A Critical Review on Saemaul Undong as a Project for Modernizationâ€. The Korea Regional Development Association. vol. 12, no. 2, Seoul. [Korean]

Laclau, Ernesto. (1977). Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory. London: Verso.

Ministry of Home Affairs. (1975). Guidelines on Saemaul Undong. Seoul. [Korean]

Ministry of Home Affairs. (1980a). 10-Year History of Saemaul Undong. Seoul. [Korean]

Ministry of Home Affairs. (1980b), 10 -Year History of Saemaul Undong: Cases. Seoul. [Korean]

Ministry of Labor. (1971), Korea Yearbook of Labor Statistics. Seoul. [Korean]

Oh, Chang-Heon. (2001). Revitalizing Reforms System and Modern Korean Politics. Orum. Seoul. [Korean]

Oh, Yu-Seok. (2002). “Strategies for Modernization and Rural Saemaul Undong of Park, Chung-Heeâ€. Trends and Perspective. Winter Issue. Seoul. [Korean]

Park, Chung-Hee. (1961). Morality of the Leader. The National Reconstruction Supreme Commission. Seoul. [Korean]

Park & Han. (1999). “Saemaul Undong and the Revitalizing Reforms Systemâ€. Critical Review of History. Summer Issue, The Institute for Korean Historical Studies, Seoul. [Korean]

Presidential Secretariat. (1972a). Collection of Approved Documents of the President Park, Chung-Hee 109. State Affairs Report No. 72-207. [Korean]

Presidential Secretariat. (1972a). Collection of Approved Documents of the President Park, Chung-Hee 110. State Affairs Report No. 72-300. [Korean]

Presidential Secretariat. (1972c). Collection of Approved Documents of the President Park, Chung-Hee 115. State Affairs Report No. 72-544. [Korean]

Presidential Secretariat. (1972d). Collection of Approved Documents of the President Park, Chung-Hee 117. State Affairs Report No. 72-704. [Korean]

Presidential Secretariat. (1973a). Collection of Approved Documents of the President Park, Chung-Hee 125. State Affairs Report No. 73-514. [Korean]

Presidential Secretariat. (1973b). Collection of Approved Documents of the President Park, Chung-Hee 128. State Affairs Report No. 73-732. [Korean]

Seo, Byeong-Hun. (2008). Populism. Book World. Seoul. [Korean]

Taggart, Paul. 2000. Populism. Philadelphia : Open Univ. Press.

Yu, Byeog-Yong et al., (2001). Strategies for Modernization and Saemaul Undong. Baeksan-Seodang. Seoul. [Korean]

Websites

Hankook-Ilbo. May 28, 1961

Ministry of Planning and Busget. www.mpb.go.kr

The Hankyoreh. Mar. 18, 2010

Downloads

Published

2014-10-15

How to Cite

Ha, J.-H. (2014). Park Chung-Hee Regime’s Saemaul Undong an the Populist Political Strategy-Focusing on Rural Saemaul Undong in the 1970s-. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2(5). Retrieved from https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJHSS/article/view/1642