Sexual Dimorphism in A Cross River Ecotype Local Chicken – Rose Comb (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v8i3.6150Keywords:
Sexual dimorphism; Local chicken; Rose comb; Gallus gallus domesticus; Cross River; SDI; SSDIAbstract
Sexual dimorphism in the local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)-Rose Comb- in Cross River was investigated. Sixty (60) male and female Gallus gallus domesticus chickens were evaluated for the effect of sex on body weight (BW), body length (BL), body girth (BG), thigh length(TL), shank length (SL) and keel length (KL) which were measured fortnightly for twelve (12) weeks. Sexual Size Dimorphism Index (SSDI) and Sexual Dimorphism Index (SDI) were used to confirm relative contribution of each trait to total dimorphism. The values obtained for SSDI and SDI respectively were 1.61 and 61% for BW; 1.26 and 26.52% for TL; 1.23 and 23.81% for SL; 1.22 and 21.50% for BL; 1.18 and 18.20% for BG; 1.17 and 17.94% for KL. To identify the best trait for predicting sex, stepwise discriminate analysis was employed and the Wilk’s Lamda values obtained were BW(0.471); TL(0.452); SL(0.401); BL(0.283); BG(0.272) and KL(0.271). Results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in all measured parameters at week 6 with mean BW, BL, BG, SL, KL and TL of 300.01 and 253.24; 22 and 18.62; 5.20 and 3.98; 4.60 and 3.50; 5.50 and 3.90; 13.10 and 11.20 for both male and female birds respectively. These results indicate that sexual dimorphism is exhibited in all morphometric traits in favor of the male with BW as the highest dimorphic trait.
References
Badyaev A.V., Hill G.E., Whittingham L.A. (2001). The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in House finch. In: Population divergence in ontogeny. Evolution,55,12: 2532–2549, doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00767.
Barua, A. and Y. Yoshimura, (1997). Rural Poultry keeping in Bangladesh. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 53: 388-394.
Besbes, O. Thieme, A. Rota, E. F. Gueye and R. G. Alders (2003). Technology and programme for substinable improvement of village poultry production. World poultry Sci. 25:24-26.
Burke, W. H. and Snarp, P. J. (1989). Sex difference in body weight of chicken embrvos. Poultry Sci. 14:329-340.
Coyne J.A., Kay E.H., Pruett-Jones S. (2007). The genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in birds. Evolution, 62, 1: 214–219.
Farrell, D. J. Cumming, R. B. and Hardaker, J. B. (1973). The effect of dietary energy concentration on growth rate and conversion of British Poultry Sci. 14:329-340.
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2009). The global plan of action for animal genetic resources and the Interlaken declaration on animal genetic resources. International Conference on animal genetic resources for food and Agriculture Interlaken, Switzerland.
Fuzhu, I. and Q. Zhuye, 2008. Effect of sex on Carcarss characteristics of chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7(4): 319- 322.
Gehle, M. H. Powell, T. S. and Arendo, L. G. (1974). Effects of different feeding regimes on performance of broiler chickens reared sexes separate or combined. Poultry Sci. 53:1543-1548.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). (2006). Safe guarding livestock diversity: the time is now. ILRI Annual Report. Pp22-39.
Jovbert, J.J., 1980. Selection Efficiency in the breeding of a Dominant White broiler fowl. Proceeding of South African Society of Animal Prodcution, 5: 160-162.
Keshri, B. C., and Verma, S.S., Sinha, S.P., Sharma, R.P., Singh, P.B., Ray, A.K.D. and Shyamsunder, G. (1985). The relationship between live weight and eviscerated yield in pure bred broiler strains. Indian J. of Poultry Set. 20 (4):297 - 299. In: Poultry Abst. (1986) 12 (15) 126, 1089.
Kettlewell, p. (1986). Raise broilers in different age group. In: Poultry (Misset International Magazine on Poultry) 2 (16): 12-13.
Khan. A.G., Poulouse, M.V. and Chakraborti, S,(1975). Sexual dimorphism in the weight of chicks. British Poultry Sci. 1 6:637-639.
Lang. B.J., Collins,W.M., Palmar, D.H and Skoglund, W.C. (1960). Relationship of sex separation to individual variation in body weight and to experimental error. Poultry Sci. 39:1578-1579.
Le Behan – Dual, E., 2004. Genetic variability within and between breeds of poultry technological meat quality. World Poultry Science Journal, 60 : 331-340.
Leenstra, F.R. (1986). Effect of age sex, genotype and environment on fat deposition in broiler chickens, A review. World Poultry Sci. 42:12-45.
Limburg, P. (1975). Chickens, Chickens, Chickens . New York: Thomas Nelson Inc..
Manchal, Y.P., S.T. Mbap and S.D. Abdul, 2008. An Assessments of observable and Measurable Traits as Possible Indices of Live weights in Local Chickens on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria. Nig. Poultry Science Journal, 5(1): 3-10.
Mandlekar, S, M, and Desmukh, S. N. (1983). Relationship between 8 week body weight and eviscerated weight in broiler chickens. Avian Res. 67(3),96-1 00.
Mark, H. L. (1985). Sexual dimorphism in the early feed and water intake of broilers Poultry Sci. 64:425-428.
Mark, H. L. (1987). Sexual dimorphism in broilers following periods of equal water and feed intake. Poultry Sci. 66:381-389
Mark. H. L. (1986).The role of water intake of sexual dimorphism for early growth of broilers. Poultry Sci. 65:433-435.
McMeekan, C.P. (1940), Chemical composition of adipose tissue. In: Growth in animals (1980). pp.169. London, Butterworths.
Meijerhof, R. (1988). Separate sex feeding at the Dutch regional experimental poultry farms. Proc, of the 4th International Poultry Breeders Conf. pp.40-46.
Najib, H., Al-Aghbari, F. and Al-Malman, S. (1985). Broiler perforamnce as affected by age a slaughter under Saudi conditions. World Review of Ani. Prod, 21(4} 651-54.
NRC, 1994. National Research Council, Nutrient Requirement Table of poultry, 9th edition Washington, D.C, National Academy Press.
Olusegun, A. O. and K. L. Ayorinde, 2014. Sexual Size dimorphism and sex determination by morphometrie measurement in locally adapted Muscovy duck in Nigeria. Acta agricultural Scovenica, 104/1-2014.
Oluyemi, J.A., 1974. Evaluation and Improvement of the Indigenous fowl of Nigeria. Ph. D Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 25-30.
Omeje, S.S.I and C.C. Nwosu, 1983. Egg production patterns in local chickens and their crosses in short term. Nig. Journal of Anim. Prod., 10: 91-96.
Owens, I. P. F., Short, R.V. (1995). Hormonal basis of sexual dimorphism in birds: Implications for new theories of sexual selection. Trends in Ecology & Evolution., 10 (REF), 44.
Peterson, T., and L. Brisbin. (1999). Genetic endangerment of wild Red Jungle fowl Gallus gallus. Bird Conservation International, 9: 387-394.
Philipps, C. (1999.) Feather Friends Classy chickens come home to roost. (On-line). Accessed July 28, 2000 (no longer available) at http://ptg.djnr.com/ccroot/asp/public/stroy.asp..
Roche, J.F. and Quike, J,K, (1986). The effect of steroid hormones and xenobitotics on growth of farm animals. In: Control and manipulation of animal growth (1986) pp, 39-52. London, Butterworths.
Sonaiya, E.B. William, A.R and Oni, S.A. (1986).A biologic and economic appraisal of broiler production up to 16 weeks, J. Anim. Prod. Res. 6(2) 115 – 125.
SPSS. 2010. Statistical Package for Social Sciences. SPSS Inc., 444 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL60611.
Stevens, L.(1991). Genetic and Evolution of the domestic fowl. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 421 -433.
Summers, J. D. and Leeson, S. (1984), Influence of dietary protein and energy level on broiler performance and carcass composition. Nutr. Rep. Int. 29: 757 - 767.
The management of global animal genetic resources: Proceedings of a FAO expert consultation, Rome, Italy, April 1992, Issue, 104. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, 1992.
Yamani, K.A.O., Nowar, M.E., Marai, I.F.M., Irky, A.M, and Eid, A.M.S (1982). Studies of body measurements and dressing weights of broiler chicks. Egyptain J. of Anim. Prod. 22: 19-26.
Barua, A. and Y. Yoshimura, (1997). Rural Poultry keeping in Bangladesh. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 53: 388-394.
Besbes, O. Thieme, A. Rota, E. F. Gueye and R. G. Alders (2003). Technology and programme for substinable improvement of village poultry production. World poultry Sci. 25:24-26.
Burke, W. H. and Snarp, P. J. (1989). Sex difference in body weight of chicken embrvos. Poultry Sci. 14:329-340.
Coyne J.A., Kay E.H., Pruett-Jones S. (2007). The genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in birds. Evolution, 62, 1: 214–219.
Farrell, D. J. Cumming, R. B. and Hardaker, J. B. (1973). The effect of dietary energy concentration on growth rate and conversion of British Poultry Sci. 14:329-340.
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (2009). The global plan of action for animal genetic resources and the Interlaken declaration on animal genetic resources. International Conference on animal genetic resources for food and Agriculture Interlaken, Switzerland.
Fuzhu, I. and Q. Zhuye, 2008. Effect of sex on Carcarss characteristics of chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7(4): 319- 322.
Gehle, M. H. Powell, T. S. and Arendo, L. G. (1974). Effects of different feeding regimes on performance of broiler chickens reared sexes separate or combined. Poultry Sci. 53:1543-1548.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). (2006). Safe guarding livestock diversity: the time is now. ILRI Annual Report. Pp22-39.
Jovbert, J.J., 1980. Selection Efficiency in the breeding of a Dominant White broiler fowl. Proceeding of South African Society of Animal Prodcution, 5: 160-162.
Keshri, B. C., and Verma, S.S., Sinha, S.P., Sharma, R.P., Singh, P.B., Ray, A.K.D. and Shyamsunder, G. (1985). The relationship between live weight and eviscerated yield in pure bred broiler strains. Indian J. of Poultry Set. 20 (4):297 - 299. In: Poultry Abst. (1986) 12 (15) 126, 1089.
Kettlewell, p. (1986). Raise broilers in different age group. In: Poultry (Misset International Magazine on Poultry) 2 (16): 12-13.
Khan. A.G., Poulouse, M.V. and Chakraborti, S,(1975). Sexual dimorphism in the weight of chicks. British Poultry Sci. 1 6:637-639.
Lang. B.J., Collins,W.M., Palmar, D.H and Skoglund, W.C. (1960). Relationship of sex separation to individual variation in body weight and to experimental error. Poultry Sci. 39:1578-1579.
Le Behan – Dual, E., 2004. Genetic variability within and between breeds of poultry technological meat quality. World Poultry Science Journal, 60 : 331-340.
Leenstra, F.R. (1986). Effect of age sex, genotype and environment on fat deposition in broiler chickens, A review. World Poultry Sci. 42:12-45.
Limburg, P. (1975). Chickens, Chickens, Chickens . New York: Thomas Nelson Inc..
Manchal, Y.P., S.T. Mbap and S.D. Abdul, 2008. An Assessments of observable and Measurable Traits as Possible Indices of Live weights in Local Chickens on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria. Nig. Poultry Science Journal, 5(1): 3-10.
Mandlekar, S, M, and Desmukh, S. N. (1983). Relationship between 8 week body weight and eviscerated weight in broiler chickens. Avian Res. 67(3),96-1 00.
Mark, H. L. (1985). Sexual dimorphism in the early feed and water intake of broilers Poultry Sci. 64:425-428.
Mark, H. L. (1987). Sexual dimorphism in broilers following periods of equal water and feed intake. Poultry Sci. 66:381-389
Mark. H. L. (1986).The role of water intake of sexual dimorphism for early growth of broilers. Poultry Sci. 65:433-435.
McMeekan, C.P. (1940), Chemical composition of adipose tissue. In: Growth in animals (1980). pp.169. London, Butterworths.
Meijerhof, R. (1988). Separate sex feeding at the Dutch regional experimental poultry farms. Proc, of the 4th International Poultry Breeders Conf. pp.40-46.
Najib, H., Al-Aghbari, F. and Al-Malman, S. (1985). Broiler perforamnce as affected by age a slaughter under Saudi conditions. World Review of Ani. Prod, 21(4} 651-54.
NRC, 1994. National Research Council, Nutrient Requirement Table of poultry, 9th edition Washington, D.C, National Academy Press.
Olusegun, A. O. and K. L. Ayorinde, 2014. Sexual Size dimorphism and sex determination by morphometrie measurement in locally adapted Muscovy duck in Nigeria. Acta agricultural Scovenica, 104/1-2014.
Oluyemi, J.A., 1974. Evaluation and Improvement of the Indigenous fowl of Nigeria. Ph. D Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 25-30.
Omeje, S.S.I and C.C. Nwosu, 1983. Egg production patterns in local chickens and their crosses in short term. Nig. Journal of Anim. Prod., 10: 91-96.
Owens, I. P. F., Short, R.V. (1995). Hormonal basis of sexual dimorphism in birds: Implications for new theories of sexual selection. Trends in Ecology & Evolution., 10 (REF), 44.
Peterson, T., and L. Brisbin. (1999). Genetic endangerment of wild Red Jungle fowl Gallus gallus. Bird Conservation International, 9: 387-394.
Philipps, C. (1999.) Feather Friends Classy chickens come home to roost. (On-line). Accessed July 28, 2000 (no longer available) at http://ptg.djnr.com/ccroot/asp/public/stroy.asp..
Roche, J.F. and Quike, J,K, (1986). The effect of steroid hormones and xenobitotics on growth of farm animals. In: Control and manipulation of animal growth (1986) pp, 39-52. London, Butterworths.
Sonaiya, E.B. William, A.R and Oni, S.A. (1986).A biologic and economic appraisal of broiler production up to 16 weeks, J. Anim. Prod. Res. 6(2) 115 – 125.
SPSS. 2010. Statistical Package for Social Sciences. SPSS Inc., 444 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL60611.
Stevens, L.(1991). Genetic and Evolution of the domestic fowl. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 421 -433.
Summers, J. D. and Leeson, S. (1984), Influence of dietary protein and energy level on broiler performance and carcass composition. Nutr. Rep. Int. 29: 757 - 767.
The management of global animal genetic resources: Proceedings of a FAO expert consultation, Rome, Italy, April 1992, Issue, 104. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, 1992.
Yamani, K.A.O., Nowar, M.E., Marai, I.F.M., Irky, A.M, and Eid, A.M.S (1982). Studies of body measurements and dressing weights of broiler chicks. Egyptain J. of Anim. Prod. 22: 19-26.
Downloads
Published
2020-06-28
How to Cite
Etta, H. E., & Kogbara Barizigakol, . H. . (2020). Sexual Dimorphism in A Cross River Ecotype Local Chicken – Rose Comb (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>). Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v8i3.6150
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Hannah Edim Etta, Henry Kogbara Barizigakol
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.