Characterization of Low-Cost Materials as Human Tissue Equivalent Materials

Authors

  • Amirah Afiqah Bakri Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Nik Noor Ashikin Nik Ab Razak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v7i4.5901

Keywords:

Phantom, tissue equivalent materials, attenuation coefficients, mass density

Abstract

A phantom is a mass of material which is similar to human tissue. It is used to investigate the effect of radiation beams on human beings and also to simulate some form of human organs or tissues such as bone, muscles and kidney. Phantom materials can range from water to complex chemical mixtures that faithfully mimic the human body as it would interact with radiation. In this study, four tissue equivalent materials (Vaseline, cork, white cement, and paraffin wax) were characterised through their attenuation coefficients (linear and mass attenuation coefficients), and mass density. Their attenuation coefficients were analysed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy technique (EDS) with an Americium-241 source. The experimental results were compared with theoretical results from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Report 44 (1989). This study proves that the lung-equivalent, brain matter-equivalent and bone-equivalent would be adequate to simulate lung, brain matter and bone tissue respectively. 

Author Biography

Amirah Afiqah Bakri, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Student, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia

References

White, D. R. (1978). Tissue substitutes in experimental radiation physics. Medical Physics, 5(6), 467-479.

Claude, K. P., Tagoe, S. N., Schandorf, C., & Amuasi, J. (n.d.). Fabrication of a tissue characterization phantom from indigenous materials for computed tomography electron density calibration. Retrieved from https://sar.org.za/index.php/sar/article/view/237

ICRU, Report44. (1989). Tissue Substitutes in Radiation Dosimetry and Measurement Bethesda.

Poletti, M. E., Gonçalves, O. D., & Mazzaro, I. (2001). X-ray scattering from human breast tissues and breast-equivalent materials. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 47(1), 47-63.

Ferreira, C., Filho, R. X., Vieira, J., Tomal, A., Poletti, M., Garcia, C., & Maia, A. (2010). Evaluation of tissue-equivalent materials to be used as human brain tissue substitute in dosimetry for diagnostic radiology. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,268(16), 2515-2521. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.051

White, D. R., Peaple, L. H., & Crosby, T. J. (1980). Measured Attenuation Coefficients at Low Photon Energies (9.88-59.32 keV) for 44 Materials and Tissues. Radiation Research, 84(2), 239. doi:10.2307/3575295

J.W.Byng, J.G.Mainprize, and M.J.Yaffe. (1998). X-ray characterization of breast phantom materials. Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 43, pp. 1367–1377.

Hill, R., Brown, S., & Baldock, C. (2008). Evaluation of the water equivalence of solid phantoms using gamma ray transmission measurements. Radiation Measurements, 43(7), 1258-1264. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.01.019

Midgley, S. (2005). Measurements of the X-ray linear attenuation coefficient for low atomic number materials at energies 32–66 and. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 72(4), 525-535. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.02.001

Farquharson, M., Spyrou, N., Al-Bahri, J., & Highgate, D. (1995). Low energy photon attenuation measurements of hydrophilic materials for tissue equivalent phantoms. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 46(8), 783-790. doi:10.1016/0969-8043(95)00025-9

Poletti, M., Gonçalves, O., Schechter, H., & Mazzaro, I. (2002). Precise evaluation of elastic differential scattering cross-sections and their uncertainties in X-ray scattering experiments. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 187(4), 437-446. doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01149-1

Downloads

Published

2019-08-24

How to Cite

Bakri, A. A., & Ab Razak, N. N. A. N. (2019). Characterization of Low-Cost Materials as Human Tissue Equivalent Materials. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v7i4.5901

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 4 (2019): August 2019

Section

Articles

License

  • Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
  • It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
  • The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
  • The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
  • The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.