Determination of Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement for Four-Year-Old Oil Palm

Authors

  • Oky Dwi Purwanto Bogor Agricultural University
  • Sudradjat Sudradjat Bogor Agricultural University
  • Supijatno Supijatno Bogor Agricultural University

Keywords:

Bunch number, leaf greenness, palm height, productivity, stomata density, trunk girth

Abstract

Fertilization is one of the methods to increase the productivity of oil palm in Indonesia, especially in smallholder plantations. The aim of this research were to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and to determine the optimum N fertilizer rate for a four-year-old oil palm (1st mature oil palm). This study was conducted at IPB-Cargill Teaching Farm of Oil Palm, Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia from April 2016 to March 2017. This experiment used one factor of randomized complete block design that consisted of five treatment levels, three replications and five palm samples. The treatment levels were 0, 725, 1450, 2175 and 2900 g N palm-1 year-1. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly affects the palm height, trunk girth, leaf area, leaf greenness, stomata density, leaf N content, bunch number, and productivity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), but didn’t affect the frond length and average bunch weight on 1st mature oil palm. The optimum N fertilizer rate was 1632 ± 207 g N palm-1 year-1 for four-year-old oil palm (1st mature oil palm). Application of N fertilizer with application rate of 1632 g N palm-1 year-1 could increase the productivity by 35% compared to control (4.9 ton FFB ha-1 year-1 higher than control).

Author Biographies

Oky Dwi Purwanto, Bogor Agricultural University

Study Program of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University

Sudradjat Sudradjat, Bogor Agricultural University

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University

Supijatno Supijatno, Bogor Agricultural University

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University

References

BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Indonesian Oil Palm Statistics 2015, BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2016.

Directorate General of Estate Crops, Tree Crop Estate Statistics of Indonesia, Palm Oil 2014-2016, Directorate General of Estate Crops, Jakarta, 2015.

Center for Agricultural Data and Information System. Agricultural Statistics 2016, Center for Agricultural Data and Information System, Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 2016.

E. Faustina, Sudradjat and Supijatno, “Optimization of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on two years old of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)â€, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no.3, pp. 421-428, 2015.

R. Rahhutami, Sudradjat, S. Yahya, “Optimization and effect of N , P and K single fertilizer package rate on two years old immature oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)â€, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 382-387, 2015.

S. Apriliani, Sudradjat, S. Yahya, “Optimization of N, P and K single fertilizer package for oil palm aged four yearsâ€, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 202-212, 2017.

R. Adiwiganda, “Pertimbangan penggunaan pupuk majemuk pada berbagai kelas kesesuaian lahan di perkebunan kelapa sawitâ€, In Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit melalui Pemupukan dan Pemanfaatan Limbah PKS, E.S. Sutarta, H.H. Siregar, L. Erningpraja, Darnoko, Winarna, B.G. Yudanto, E. Listia, editor, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan, pp. 9-42, 2005.

Winarna, W. Darmosarkoro, E.S. Sutarta, “Teknologi pemupukan kelapa sawitâ€, In Lahan dan Pemupukan Kelapa Sawit, 1st ed., W. Darmosarkoro, E.S. Sutarta, Winarna, editor, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan, pp. 109-30, 2007.

A.M. Tarmizi, M. Tayeb, “Nutrient demands of tenera oil palm planted in inland soils of Malaysia,†Journal of Oil Palm Research, vol. 18, pp. 204-9, 2006.

R.H.V. Corley, P.B. Tinker, The Oil Palm, 5th ed., Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2016.

P. Marschner, Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd ed., Academic Press, London, 2012.

H.R. von Uexkull, T.H. Fairhurst, Fertilizing for High Yield and Quality: The Oil Palm, International Potash Institute, Bern, 1991.

A.N.H. Manurung, Sudradjat, Hariyadi, “Optimization rate of organic and NPK compound fertilizers on second year immature oil palmâ€, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 375-381, 2015.

F. Shintarika, Sudradjat, Supijatno, “Optimizing of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for one-year-old plant of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)â€, Indonesian Journal of Agronomy, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 250-6, 2015.

Y.M. Choo, H. Muhamad, Z. Hashim, V. Subramaniam, C.W. Puah, Y Tan “Determination of GHG contributions by subsystems in the oil palm supply chain using the LCA approachâ€, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 16, pp. 669-681, 2011.

R. Samekto “Neraca hara nitrogen sebagai indikator pertanian berkelanjutanâ€, Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 41-49, 2011.

S. Yusoff, S.B. Hansen, “Feasibility study of performing an life cycle assessment on crude palm oil production in Malaysiaâ€, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 50-58, 2007.

S.P. de Souza, S. Pacca, M.T. de Avila, J.L.B. Borges, “Green house gas emissions and energy balance of palm oil biofuelâ€, Renewable Energy, vol. 35, pp. 2552-2561, 2010.

S. Paramananthan, “Managing marginal soils for sustainable growth of oil palms in the Tropics,†Journal of Oil Palm & the Environment, vol. 4, pp. 1-16, 2013.

N.S. Kee, “Review of oil palm nutrient and manuring: scope for greater economy in fertilizer usageâ€, Oleagineux, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 197-209, 1977.

J.H. Schmidt, “Life assessment of rapeseed oil and palm oil, Part 3: Life cycle inventory of rapeseed oil and palm oilâ€, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 2007.

S. Siangjaeo, S.H. Gheewala, K. Unnanon, A. Chidthaisong, “Implications of land use change on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from palm biodiesel production in Thailandâ€, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 15, pp. 1-7, 2011.

E.G. Castanheira, H. Acevedo, F. Freire “Greenhouse gas intensity of palm oil produced in Colombia addressing alternative land use change and fertilization scenariosâ€, Applied Energy, vol. 114, pp. 958–967, 2014.

Eviati, Sulaeman, Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk, Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor, 2009.

S. Hardjowigeno, Ilmu Tanah, CV Akademika Pressindo, Jakarta, 2010.

M. Tufaila, B.H. Sunarminto, D. Shiddieq, A. Syukur, “Characteristics of soil derived from ultramafic rocks for extensification of oil palm in Langgikima, North Konawe, Southeast Sulawesiâ€, Agrivita, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 93-102, 2011.

Muhdi, I. Risnasari, E.S. Bayu, D.S. Hanafiah, A. Hutasoit, G.N. Sitanggang, D.S. Silaban, “The quantifying of biomassa at oil palm plantation in Langkat, North Sumateraâ€, Journal Pertanian Tropik, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-20, 2015.

Sudradjat, Y. Sukmawan, Sugiyanta, “Influence of manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application on growth of one-year-old oil palms on marginal soil in Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesiaâ€, Journal of Tropical Crop Science, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 18-24, 2014.

R.H.V. Corley, P.B. Tinker, The Oil Palm, 4th ed., Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2003.

E.G. Lestari, “Hubungan antara kerapatan stomata dengan ketahanan kekeringan pada somaklon padi Gajahmungkur, Towuti, dan IR 64â€, Biodiversitas, vol. 7, pp. 44-48, 2006.

E.K. Miskin, D.C. Rasmusson, D.N. Moss, “Inheritance and physiological efects of stomatal frequency in barleyâ€, Crop Science, vol. 12, pp. 780-783, 1972.

C.C. Law, A.R. Zaharah, M.H.A. Husni, A.S.N. Akmar, “Leaf nitrogen content in oil palm seedlings and their relationship to SPAD chlorophyll meter readingsâ€, Journal of Oil Palm, Environment & Health, vol. 5, pp. 8-17, 2014.

E.S. Sutarta, S. Rahutomo, W. Darmosarkoro, Winarna, “Peranan unsur hara dan sumber hara pada pemupukan tanaman kelapa sawitâ€, In Lahan dan Pemupukan Kelapa Sawit, 1st ed., W. Darmosarkoro, E.S. Sutarta, Winarna, editor, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan, pp. 79-90, 2007.

B. Tailliez, C.B. Koffi, “A method for measuring oil palm leaf areaâ€, Oleagineux, vol. 47, no. 8-9, pp. 537-545, 1992.

Suharno, I. Mawardi, Setiabudi, N. Lunga, S. Tjitrosemito, “Nitrogen-use efficiency in different vegetation type at Cikaniki Research Station, Halimun-Salak Mountain National Park, West Javaâ€, Biodiversitas, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 287-294, 2007.

K. Hikosaka, “Leaf canopy as a dynamic system: ecophysiology and optimality in leaf turnoverâ€, Annals of Botany, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 521-533, 2005.

I. Cardenas, J. Campo, “Foliar nitrogen and phosphorous resoption and decomposition in the nitrogen-fixing tree Lysiloma microphyllum in primary and secondary seasonally tropical dry forests in Mexicoâ€, Journal of Tropical Ecology, vol. 23, pp. 107-713, 2007.

T. Fairhurst, R. Hardter, Oil Palm: Management for Large and Sustainable Yields, International Potash Institute, Basel, 2003.

Sudradjat, H. Saputra, S. Yahya, “Optimization of NPK compound fertilizer package rate on one year old oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) treesâ€, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 365-372, 2015.

Downloads

Published

2017-12-16

How to Cite

Purwanto, O. D., Sudradjat, S., & Supijatno, S. (2017). Determination of Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement for Four-Year-Old Oil Palm. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(6). Retrieved from https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAS/article/view/5097