Health Risks Analysis of Benzo(a) Pyrene’s Exposure (BaP) among Student of 16 Bandung Junior High School in 2017

Authors

  • Aish Baity Kurnia Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia
  • Haryoto Kusnoputranto Faculty of Public Heaalth University of Indonesia
  • Bambang Wispriyono Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia

Keywords:

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Student Junior High School 16 Bandung, Environmental Health Risk Analysis

Abstract

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is one of the PAHs. The IARC establishes Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as a cause of cancer in animals and possibly in humans. The sources of BaPcan befrom vehicle’s disposal, wood burning from fireplaces, flying ash from coal-based power plants or other combustion processes. The research took place in some student of 16 Bandung JHS especially those who are in grade eight. The method that’s used is the method of Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL). The value of BaP’s concentration at 10 points is equal to <0,002 ppm or <0,02  mg/m3. The median value of non-carcinogenic intake (CDI) for the life span duration was 0,0008 (mg/kg/day)-1, the median value of intake non-carcinogenic real time (1,8 years) duration is 6,05 x 10-5 (mg/kg/day)-1, 3 years exposure duration was 0,0001 (mg/kg/day)-1, 6 years exposure duration was 0,0002 (mg/kg/day)-1. The median value of the carcinogenic intake (LADD) is 0,0003 (mg/kg/day)-1. The median value level of risk of non carcinogenic (RQ) for the life span duration was 1,46 x 106, RQ for real time (1,8 years) duration is 1,05 x 105, 3 years exposure duration was 1,76 x 105, and 6 years exposure duration was 3,52 x 105. The value median level of carcinogenic risk (ECR) was 0,0006. The value of RQ is risk and ECR is safe. Risk management and health advisory are needed to minimize BaP exposure health risks.

Author Biographies

Aish Baity Kurnia, Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia

Department of Environmental Health

Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Faculty of Public Heaalth University of Indonesia

Department of Environmental Health

Bambang Wispriyono, Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia

Department of Environmental Health

References

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2009. ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).

• Bhawan, P. & Nagar, E.A., 2011. Guidelines for Manual Sampling & Analyses. , 1, pp.13–14.

• Breysse P., Lees P.S.J. 2006. Air Sampling for Gases and Vapors. John Hopkins University

• Brauer, M. et al., 2014. Disease Attributable To Outdoor Air Pollution. , 46(2), pp.652–660.

• BPS, 2014. Jumlah Perusahaan Industri Besar Menurut SubSektor. [online] Tersedia di: http://www.bps.go.id/index.php/linkTabelStatis/1054 [Diakses pada 2 Februari 2017].

• __, 2014. Banyaknya Sekolah Menurut Kecamatan Dan Tingkatan Sekolah Di Kota Bandng Tahun 2014. [online] Tersedia di: https://bandungkota.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/12 [Diakses pada 26 Maret 2017].

• __¬, 2015.Perkembangan Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Jenis. [online] Tersedia di: https://www.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/1133 [Diakses pada 2 Febuari 2017].

• California Air Resources Board and the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assesment. 1994. Benzo(a)pyrene as Toxic Air Contaminant. California Scientific Review Panel.

• CDC, 2012. School Health Index A Self- Assesment and Planning Guide, Atlanta

• Cerninglia, CE., Gibson, DT. 1979. Oxidation of Benzo(a)pyrene by The Filamentous Fungus Cunninghamella elegans. The Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol 254 No 23.

• Chien Y.C., Yeh.C.T, 2012. Excretion kinetics of urinary 3-hydroxybenzo [ a ] pyrene following dietary exposure to benzo [ a ] pyrene in humans. , pp.45–53.

• Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi Jawa Barat. 2013. Bensin vs Solar. Tersedia di http://www.dishub.jabarprov.go.id/content.php?id=56 [Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017].

• Duan, X. et al., 2016. Dietary intake polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and associated cancer risk in a cohort of Chinese urban adults: Inter- and intra-individual variability. Chemosphere, 144, pp.2469–2475

• Friesen, M.C. et al., 2010. Original Contribution Chronic and Acute Effects of Coal Tar Pitch Exposure and Cardiopulmonary Mortality Among Aluminum Smelter Workers. , 172(7), pp.790–799.

• Guidelines for the measurement of ambient air pollutants. (2013). 1st ed. Delhi: CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD Ministry of Environment & Forests.

• Grova, N. et al., 2016. Analysis of tetrahydroxylated benzo [ a ] pyrene isomers in hair as biomarkers of exposure to benzo [ a ] pyrene. , pp.1997–2008.

• Indonesia, Peraturan Pemerintah Tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara, PP No. 41 Tahun 1999

• International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). 2000, Environmental Health Criteria 214, Human Exposure Assesment, WHO, Geneva

• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2010. Benzo(a)pyrene, Monographs Vol 100F. [online] Tersedia di: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100F/mono100F-14.pdf [ Diakses pada 2 Februari 2017].

• Jung, K.H. et al., 2010. Assessment of Benzo ( a ) pyrene-equivalent Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Residential Indoor versus Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposing Young Children in New York City. pp.1889–1900.

• Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2012. Pedoman Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL), Direktorat Jenderal PP dan PL, Jakarta.

• ____________________. 2015. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2015, Tersedia di: http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/profil-kesehatan-Indonesia-2015.pdf

• ____________________. 2011. Pedoman Pelatihan Dokter Kecil, Direktorat Jenderal Bina Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, Jakarta.

• Laelasari, Ela. 2014. Interaksi Genetik dan Lingkungan Dampak Pajanan Polutan Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) pada Pekerja Penjaga Pintu Gerbang Tol terhadap Risiko Aterosklerosis dan Kerusakan DNA. Disertasi. Universitas Indonesia.

• Lestari, Fatma. 2007. Bahaya Kimia Sampling dan Pengukuran Kontaminan di Udara. Jakarta: EGC

• Louvar and Louvar. 1998. Health and Environmental Risk Analysis Fundamental with Application. Prentice Hall: New Jersey.

• Menteri Kesehatan, K., 2013. Persyaratan Kesehatan Lingkungan Kerja Perkantoran Dan Industri. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), pp.1689–1699.

• Niu, Q. et al., 2010. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced neurobehavioral function and neurotransmitter alterations in coke oven workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010; 67: 444-448.

• Ortiz, E.E. a A.G., 2015. Air quality in Europe — 2015 report, Tersedia di: papers2://publication/uuid/1D25F41B-C673-4FDA-AB71-CC5A2AD97FDD.

• Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. (tanpa tahun). benzo[a]pyrene | C20H12 - PubChem. [online] Tersedia di: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/benzo_a_pyrene#section=Identification [Diakses pada 2 Februari 2017 ].

• Putra, E.D.L. 2004. Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Dalam Bidang Farmasi. FMIPA USU.

• Rahman, A. 2007. Public Health Assesment: Model Kajian Prediktif Dampak Lingkungan dan Aplikasinya untuk Manajemen Risiko Kesehatan. Pusat Kajian Kesehatan lingkungan dan Industri FKM UI.

• Rahman, A.2007. Analisis Dosis-Respon (dose-response Assesment). Pusat Kajian Kesehatan Lingkungan. FKM UI.

• Rahman, A. 2013. Exposure Assesment (Analisis Pemajanan). Materi Kuliah analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan.

• Ramírez, N. et al., 2011. Risk Assessment Related to Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Gas and Particle Phases near Industrial Sites. , (8), pp.1110–1116

• Sexton, K. et al., 2011. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood from Pregnant Hispanic Women Living in Brownsville , Texas. , pp.3365–3379.

• Sumaryati, 2011. Polusi Udara Di Kawasan Cekungan Bandung. Berita Dirgantara, 12, pp.83-89.

• Susimiati, Endang. 2008. Analisis Risiko Pajanan Benzo(a)pyrene Pada Polisi yang Bertugas Di Jalan Raya Margonda Kota Depok Tahun 2008. Tesis. Universitas Indonesia

• Tuntawiroon, J. et al., 2007. Increased health risk in Bangkok children exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from traffic-related sources. , 28(4), pp.816–822.

• US EPA, 2007. Appendix A: State School Environmental Health Guidelines | Healthy Schools, Healthy Kids | US EPA. [online] Tersedia di: https://www.epa.gov/schools/appendix-state-school-environmental-health-guidelines#LinkTarget_8842 [Diakses pada 7 Februari 2017].

• ______, 1993. Human Health Risk Assessment | Risk Assessment | US EPA. [online] Tersedia di: https://www.epa.gov/risk/human-health-risk-assessment [Diakses pada 2 Februari 2017].

• _____, 1993. Reference Dose (RfD): Description and Use in Health Risk Assesment US EPA. [online] Tersedia di: https://www.epa.gov/iris/reference-dose-rfd-description-and-use-health-risk-assessments [Diakses pada 4 Maret 2017].

• _____, 2017. Toxicological Review of Benzo(a)pyrene Supplemental Information, January 2017, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington.

• Watanabe, Dina. 2014. Analisis Risiko Karsinogenik Benzo(a)pyrene Udara Ambien Terhadap Sopir Bus Di Terminal Depok Tahun 2014. Skripsi. Universitas Indonesia

• Warouw, S.P. 2007. Studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pemajanan Karsinogen Benzo(a)pyrene Pada Petugas Pintu Tol Di Jabotabek. Disertasi. Universitas Indonesia

• WHO Division of Health Promotion, Education and Communication Health Education and Health Promotion Unit, 1998. Health-Promoting Schools A Healthy Setting for Living, Learning and Working, Geneva

• WHO, Training Package for the Health Sector, Children Health and the Environment, 2011. Biomarkers & Human Biomonitoring, USA

• Xu, L. et al., 2015. Assessment of Industry-Induced Urban Human Health Risks Related to Benzo [ a ] pyrene based on a Multimedia Fugacity Model : Case Study of Nanjing , China. , 2008, pp.6162–6178.

• Yang, Y. et al., 2014. Concentrations, source and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean. PLoS ONE, 9(1), pp.1–7.

• Zhang, H.M. et al., 2012. Characteristic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Apoptosis in Coke Oven Workers. , 54, pp.44–50.

Downloads

Published

2017-10-25

How to Cite

Kurnia, A. B., Kusnoputranto, H., & Wispriyono, B. (2017). Health Risks Analysis of Benzo(a) Pyrene’s Exposure (BaP) among Student of 16 Bandung Junior High School in 2017. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(5). Retrieved from https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAS/article/view/4965

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 5 (2017): October 2017

Section

Articles

License

  • Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
  • It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
  • The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
  • The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
  • The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.

Most read articles by the same author(s)