@article{Upreti_Kyle_Simkhada_Thoulass_McNeil_2015, title={Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessment of Diet in Lower and Middle Income Countries; A study among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nepal.}, volume={3}, url={https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAFS/article/view/3282}, abstractNote={Assessing the validity of a Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) by comparison with other established dietary assessmentmethods is essential prior to use of a new FFQ in different population groups.In this study a new FFQ for Nepal was developed with 73 food items andadministered by an interviewer who then carried out a 24-h recall.  73 adults living with HIV/HIDS (43M and 30F)were purposively recruited. A nutrient database to estimate the intake ofenergy and macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and selectedmicronutrients (iron, β-carotene and vitamin C) was compiled from Nepalese,Indian and UK based on food composition tables. Comparison of mean intakes bythe two methods showed good agreement between the FFQ and 24-h recall for themean intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin C and Vitamin A(all p>0.20) but fat intake was significantly lower by the FFQ than the 24-hrecall (p<0.001). Pearson correlation coefficients between the methodsranged from 0.50 to 0.60 for energy and macronutrients but were below 0.3 formicronutrients. Bland-Altman analyses showed reasonable agreement between thegroup means but wide individual differences between methods. The newly designedsemi-quantitative FFQ can estimate the group mean intake for selectednutrients.}, number={6}, journal={Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences}, author={Upreti, Dilip and Kyle, Janet and Simkhada, Padam and Thoulass, Janine and McNeil, Geraldine}, year={2015}, month={Dec.} }