Water- use Efficiency of Two Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under Tropical High Terrace Soil Conditions

Authors

  • Hassan E. Alsayim Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Nile Valley University, Darmali
  • Abdel Rahman A. El-Mahdi Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture Nile Valley University, Darmali
  • Mohamed H. Nayel Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Nile Valley University, Darmali, Sudan

Keywords:

Irrigation Level, Water Stress, Water-use Efficiency, Grain Yield, Leaf Area Index, Harvest Index, Wheat

Abstract

The water – use efficiency, growth and yield of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under tropical high terrace soil conditions were investigated. This study was conducted for two consecutive winter seasons (2009/10-2010/11) at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nile Valley University, Darmali, Sudan. The experiment design was randomized complete block in split plot arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of five irrigation levels (0.4 ET "I1", 0.6 ET "I2", 0.8 ET "I3", 1 ET "I4" and 1.2 ET "I5") occupied the main plots and the two wheat cultivars (Emam and condor) were the sub-plots. The results showed that the leaf area index, plant height, spike length, harvest index, 1000- kernel weight and grain yield were significantly increased by increasing irrigation levels. The highest grain yield among two cultivars across irrigation levels was produced by Emam (2335 kg ha-1). However, the lowest grain yield was produced by Condor cultivar (1348 kg ha-1). Irrigation level treatments I5 and I4 gave significantly the highest grain yield 2112 kg ha-1and 2024 kg ha-1, respectively. Whereas the lowest grain yields (1424 kg ha-1) was observed at irrigation treatment I1. The results indicated a highly negative relationship between grain yield and water-use efficiency. Water-use efficiency decreased with increasing irrigation level treatments. Emam cultivar, with higher grain yield, tended to have higher water-use efficiency than Condor cultivar. So it was concluded that, to grow Emam cultivar with the irrigation level 1 ET "I4" is the best management for optimizing wheat yield under tropical high terrace soil conditions.

 

Author Biography

Hassan E. Alsayim, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Nile Valley University, Darmali

Dept. of Agricultural Engineering

Faculty of Agriculture, Nile Valley University

References

Mustafa, R. H., Elgali, M. B. and Abulgasim, S. "Trends in wheat production and consumption in Sudan", International Journal of Research in Management, Economics and Commerce, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 44-56, 2013.

Konardeas, P. "Assessing Sudan’s Export Diversification Potential in Agricultural Products," Maxwell Stamp PLC for the Ministry of Foreign Trade, Government of Sudan and the European Commission, 2009.

Alsayim, H. E. and Saeed, A. B. Irrigation Principle and Practices, Nile Valley University, Sudan, 2013.

Hatfield, J. L., Saauer, T. J. and Prueger, J. H. "Managing soils to achieve greater water use efficiency A. Review", Agronomy Journal(ACSESS), vol. 93, pp. 271-280, 2001.

Allison, E. and Jones, C. "Plant water relations". Montana State University. Extension paper No. 4481-5.P.7. 2005.

English, M. "Deficit irrigation. I. Analytical framework", Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering(ASCE), vol. 116, pp. 399–412, 1990.

Fereres, E. and Soriano, M. A. "Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use", Journal of Experimental Botany(Oxford Journals), vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 147–159, 2007.

Zhang, H. and Oweis, T. "Water–yield relations and optimal irrigation scheduling of wheat in the Mediterranean region", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 195–211, 1999.

Akram, M. "Growth and yield components of wheat under water stress of different growth stages", Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research(Bangladesh Journals Online), vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 455-468, 2011.

Jin, M. G., Zhang, R. Q. and Gao, Y. F. "Temporal and spatial soil water management: a case study in the Heiloonggang region PR China", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 42, pp. 173–187, 1999.

Wang, F. H., Wang, X. Q. and Sayre, K. "Comparison of conventional, flood irrigated, flat planting with furrow irrigated, raised bed planting for winter wheat in China", Field Crops Research(ELSEVIER), vol. 87, pp. 35–42, 2004.

Zhang, B., Li, F., Huang, G., Cheng, Z. and Zhang, Y. "Yield performance of spring wheat improved by regulated deficit irrigation in an arid area", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 79, pp. 28–42, 2006.

Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S. Raes, D. and Smith. M. "Crop evapotranspiration, guidelines for computing crop water requirements", FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper 56, Food and Agric. Orgn. of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 300 pp. 1998.

Voldeng, H. D. and Simpson, G. M. "Leaf area as an indicator of potential grain yield in wheat", Con. J. Plant Sci., vol. 47, pp. 359-365. 1967.

Hussain, G., Al-Jaloud, A. A., Al-Shammary, S. F. and Karimulla, S. "Effect of saline irrigation on the biomass yield and the protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composition of alfalfa in a pot experiment", Journal of Plant Nutrition(Taylor & Francis Online) vol. 18, pp. 2389–2408, 1995.

Steel, R. G. D., Torrie, J. H. and Dickey, D. A. Principles and procedures of statistics, A biometrical approach, 3rd ed. McGraw Hill book Co. Inc. New York, 400-428, 1997.

Magsood, M., Shehzad, M. A., Ahmed, S. and Mashtaq, S. "Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes associated with agronomical traits under water stress condition" Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research(Literati Scientific and Publishers Pvt. Ltd), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 45-50, 2012.

Ali, M. H., Hoque, M. R., Hassan, A. A. and Khair, A. "Effects of deficit irrigation on yield, water productivity, and economic returns of wheat", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 151–161, 2007.

Ngwako, S. and Mashiqa, P. K. "The effect of irrigation on the growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars", International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science(IJACS), vol. 5 no. 9, pp. 976-982, 2013.

Khakwani, A., Dennett, M. D. and Munir, M. "Drought tolerance screening of wheat varieties by inducing water stress condition", Journal of science and technology(Prince of Songkla University), vol. 33 no. 2, pp. 135-142, 2011.

Gholamreza, D., Askar, G., Amin, F., Behrouz, K. and Ezzat, N. "Effects of Drought Stress on the Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Four wheat Populations in different growth stages", Advances in Environmental Biology(AENSI), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 619-624, 2013.

El Hwary, A. B. A. and Yagoub, S. O. "Effect of skipping irrigation on growth, yield, yield components and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in semi arid Region of Sudan", Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1003-1009, 2011.

Razia, R. and Chowdhry, M. A. "Genetic Analysis of Some Economic Traits of Wheat under Drought Condition", Asian Journal of Plant Sciences(Science Alert), vol. 2, pp. 790-796, 2003.

Ghodsi, M. "Ecophysiological aspects of water deficit on water growth," Ph. D. Thesis on Agronomy. University of Tehran, Iran. 2004.

Awad, A. M., El-Zaher, H., Moustafa, M. A., Sayed, M. A. and Osman, A. M. "Wheat production on sandy soils using different fertilization methods irrigation regimes", Alexandria Journal of Agric. Research, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 35-61, 2000.

Al-Tabbal, J. "Effect of water stress on the yield and yield component of durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum L. Var. Durum)", International Journal of Academic Research(IPS LLC), vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 98-113, 2011.

Huang, Y., Chen, L., Fu, B. Huang, Z. and Gong, J. "The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: straw mulch and irrigation effects", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 72, no 3, pp. 209–222, 2005.

Yagoub, S. O., Elkhalil, A. E. and Balasio, E. D. "Effect of different watering regimes on growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars at high terraces of North Sudan", International Journal of AgriScience, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 684-695, 2012.

Khan, M. J., Sarwar, T. Shahzadi, A. and Malik, A. "Effect of different irrigation schedules on water use and yield of wheat", Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 23 no. 4, pp. 1061-1066, 2007.

Li, J., Inanaga, S., Li, Z. and Egrinya, E. A. "Optimizing irrigation scheduling for winter wheat in the North China Plain", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 76, pp. 8–23, 2005.

Zhang, X., Chen, S., Sun, H., Wang, Y. and Shao, L. "Water use efficiency and associated traits in winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain", Agricultural Water Management(ELSEVIER), vol. 97 no. 8, pp. 1117–1125, 2009.

Downloads

Published

2013-12-12

How to Cite

Alsayim, H. E., El-Mahdi, A. R. A., & Nayel, M. H. (2013). Water- use Efficiency of Two Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under Tropical High Terrace Soil Conditions. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 1(5). Retrieved from https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJAFS/article/view/681