Biometrical Ranking of Fodder Crops for Sustainable Livestock and Clean Air Production
Keywords:
Maize index, biomass production, enteric methane, emission factorAbstract
The study was conducted with the objectives to develop a professional forage quality ranking scale by considering their efficiency of biomass production (Xddm), animal production response (Xap), enteric methane emission reduction (XCH4) and benefit to cost ratio of their production (Xbc) in proportion to a typical fodder: maize, considering its constant efficiency of 1.0. Available fodder crops were cultivated following standard agronomical practices and conserved to develop database for calculating Xddm, and Xbc. Considering maize as a control roughage, a series of feeding trials on the native cattle of Bangladesh was conducted to calculate Xap andXCH4. The maize index (Mi) of a test fodder crop was calculated as: Mi =Â . The Mi of Moringafeed was found the highest (1.64), followed by Maize (1.00), Australian sweet jumbo (0.99) and Napier- Bajra (0.82). The German, Napier-Hybrid, Napier Arusha and Andropogon had the Mi of between 0.80 and 0.50 (0.72, 0.63, 0.57 and 0.50, respectively). Next, the Mi of Sugargraze jumbo, Splendida, UMS (Aus), and Para fall between 0.49 and 0.40 (0.45, 0.43, 0.42, 0.41 and 0.40, respectively). The least Mi (below 0.40) was found in UMS (Aman), local grass and Plicatulum (0.39, 0.35 and 0.35, respectively). The Mi of UMS (Aman), local grass and Plicatulum was below 0.40. The Mi may be used for the ranking of fodder crops for their cost effective production and feeding to animals and help reduction of enteric methane emission in the rumen.References
Huque KS. A performance profile of dairying in Bangladesh - programs, policies and way forwards. Bang J A Sci 2014;43(2):81-103.
Ho CKM, Malcolm LR, Armstong DP and Doyle PT. A case study of changes in economic performance of an irrigated dairy farm in northern Victoria. Aus Farm Business Management J 2006;3(1):11-20. https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200789879892384;res=IELBUS (accessed: 15-01-2017)
NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. National Research Council (NRC), 7th revised ed. National Academic Science, Washington, DC; 2001.
Shaver, RD, Undersander DJ, Schwab EC, Hoffman PC, Lauer J, Combs DK, and Hoffman PC. Evaluating forage quality for lactating dairy cows. In: Proc Inter-Mountain Nutr Conf Salt Lake City, Utah; 2002:77-94.
. Yahaya MS, Takahashi J, Matsuoka Sand Kibon A. Effect of supplementary feeding of cotton seed cake on feed intake, water consumption and work output of work bulls in Borno state Nigeria. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1999;9:137-143.
Kennedy, Mark, and Jennings J. Forage quality in Management Intensive Grazing in the Ozarks. Jointly published by the top of the Ozarks and the Southwest Missouri R C and D Councils. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the Natural Resources Conservation Service; 1997. https://www.uky.edu/Ag/Forage/ForageQuality.pdf (accessed: 15-01-2017)
Boadi D and Wittenberg KM. Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. Can J Anim Sci 2002;82:201.
Johnson KA and Johnson DE. Methane emissions from cattle. J Anim Sci 1995;73:2483.
Ominski KH, Wittenberg KM, and Boadi D. Examination of economically and environmentally sustainable management practices in forage-based beef production systems, presented at the CCFIA Final Workshop, Winnipeg, January; 2004.
Huque KS, Chowdhury MM, Das PK, Mandal, NA and Baset MA. Milk Vita –realities and reaching out to dreams of millions; The paper is presented at a regional meeting on Dairy Asia: Towards Sustainability held in Hotel Plaza Athene, Bangkok, Thailand; 2014.
Huque, KS and Islam MM. Impact of Napier (Pennisetum purpurium) cultivation on the performance of smallholder dairy in a milk shed area of Bangladesh. Bang. J Lives Res 2006;13(1 and 2):30-38.
Rohweder DA, Barnes RF and Jorgensen N. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. J Anim Sci 1978;47:747-759.
Huque KS, and Sarker NR. Feeds and feeding of livestock in Bangladesh: performance, constraints and options forward. Bang J Anim Sci 2014;43(1):1-10.
Huque KS and Talukder AI. Effect of molasses supplementation of a roughage based diet on growth performances of cattle. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1995;8(4):337-342.
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis, Central Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Wasington DC; 2004.
IPCC. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC). Chapter 10: Emissions from livestock and manure management; 2006. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_10_Ch10_Livestock.pdf (accessed: 15-01-2017)
Fisher RA. Frequency distribution of the values of the correlation coefficient in samples from an indefinitely large population. Biometrika 1915;10(4):507–521. doi:10.1093/biomet/10.4.507.
Rengsirikul K, Ishii Y, Kangvansaichol K, Sripichitt P, Punsuvon V, Vaithanomsat P, Nakamanee G and Tudsri S. Biomass Yield, chemical composition and potential ethanol yields of 8 cultivars of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) harvested 3-monthly in central Thailand. J S B S 2013;3:107-112. doi:10.4236/jsbs.2013.32015
Roy, BK, Bashar MK, Hossain SMJ, Huque KS and Makkar HPS. Performance evaluation of moringa oleifera and available roughages (maize and australian sweet jumbo) on feeding values of growing BLRI Cattle Breed-1 (BCB-1) bulls. Am J Exp Agric 2016;14(1):1-9. DOI: 10.9734/AJEA/2016/29284
Ribeiro GO, Teixeira AM, Velasco FO, Júnior WGF, Pereira LGR, Chaves AV, Gonçalves LC and McAllister TA. Production, nutritional quality and in vitro methane production from andropogon gayanus grass harvested at different maturities and preserved as hay or silage. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2014;27(3):330-341. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4093266/pdf/ajas-27-3-330-5.pdf (accessed: 15-01-2017).
Huque KS and Chowdhury SA. Study on supplementing effects or feeding systems of molasses and urea on methane and microbial nitrogen production in the rumen and growth performances of bulls fed a straw diet. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1997;10(1):35-46.
Tauqir NA, Sarwar M, Jabbar MA and Mahmood S. Nutritive value of jumbo grass (Sorghum bicolour sorghum sudanefe) silage in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Pakistan Vet J 2009;29(1):5-10. http://pvj.com.pk/pdf-files/29_1/5-10.pdf (accessed: 12-01-2017).
Nyambati, EM, Muyekho FN, Onginjo E, and Lusweti CM. Production, characterization and nutritional quality of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum (Schum.)) cultivars in Western Kenya. Afr J Plant Sci 2010;4(12):496-502. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajps (accessed 22.12.2015).
Rong-zhen, Z, Yi F, Hai-xia S, Min W, and Dao-wei Z. Rumen methane output and fermentation characteristics of gramineous forage and leguminous forage at differing harvest dates determined using an in vitro gas production technique. J Integr Agric 2015;15(2):414-423. doi：10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61036-X
FAO. Greenhouse Gas Emission from the dairy sector-a life cycle assessment, Rome; 2010. http://www.fao.org/dpcrep/fao/007/y5019e00.pdf (accessed 22.12.2015).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.