Release Activity of Encapsulated <i>Lactobacillus plantarum </i>NBRC 3070 in Optimum Alginate - <i>Aloe vera</i> Matrices during Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) Exposure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v5i2.4500Keywords:
Probiotic, Microbial BiotechnologyAbstract
Probiotic encapsulation approach has the potential to protect microorganisms and to deliver them into the gut. Because of the promising preclinical and clinical results, probiotics have been incorporated into a range of products. However, there are still many challenges to overcome with respect to the encapsulation process and the conditions prevailing in the gut. Thus in this study, the release activity of encapsulated L. plantarum NBRC 3070 and Aloe vera gel within alginate coated chitosan matrices during simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) exposure were investigated. There were four groups of beads prepared in this study: 1) Encapsulated probiotic and Aloe vera within alginate beads (chitosan coated), 2) Encapsulated probiotic within alginate beads (chitosan coated), 3) Encapsulated probiotic and Aloe vera within alginate beads (uncoated) and 4) Encapsulated probiotic alone within alginate beads (uncoated). Encapsulation process was carried out using extrusion method. The optimized composition of alginate matrix (1.34% w/v) and Aloe vera gel (1.99% w/v) were used. In order to investigate their release activity, all beads were exposed in Simulated Gastric (SGF) at pH 2.5 and Simulated Intestinal Fluids (SIF) at pH 6.5 for 120 min and 270 min, respectively. Based on the findings, alginate-Aloe vera beads with chitosan coated was able to protect L. plantarum NBRC 3070 during SGF exposure with only 1 log10 cfu/mL reduction. The presence of Aloe vera gel in the beads improved the survivability of the cells. Encapsulated cells were observed successfully slow released of cells from the beads after exposure in SIF. Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) result had shown that cross link activity of the optimum alginate-Aloe vera with chitosan coating resulted in better survival of cells after simulated gastro and able to deliver sufficient probiotic dose to intestinal region. The combinations were able to improve encapsulated cells survivability during low acidic environment passage and release activity into the intestinal target region. Â
References
Goldin, B. R., “Probiotics and Health Claims: From History to
Future; Probiotics and Health Claimsâ€, First Edition, Blackwell
Publishing Ltd, United Kingdom, 2011.
Sanders, M. E., "Probiotics: Definition, Sources, Selection, and
Uses", Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46 (Supplement 2), pp.
S58-S61, 2008.
Kotzampassi, K., E. J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, "Probiotics for
infectious diseases: More drugs, less dietary supplementation",
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. 40, no 4, pp.
-296, 2012.
Chen, S., Q. Zhao, "Development of a novel probiotic delivery
system based on microencapsulation with protectantsâ€, Applied
Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 1447-1457,
Vernazza, C. L., Rabiu, B. A., Gibson, G. R., “Human colonic
microbiology and the role of dietary intervention: Introduction
to prebioticsâ€, Prebiotics: Development and application,
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Press, pp. 1–2, 2006.
N. P. Shah, A. G. d. Cruz and J. d. A. F. Faria, “Probiotic and
Prebiotic Foods: Technology, Stability and Benefits to Human
Healthâ€, New York, Nova Science Publisher, Inc. pp. 25-39,
Nazirah, M. Y. H., S. N. Syahirah, “Screening of Aloe vera
medium with different carbon and nitrogen sources for
Lactobacillus acidophilus cultivation using fractional factorial
design (FFD)â€, Proceedings - 2013 IEEE 3rd International
Conference on System Engineering and Technology, ICSET,
Moore, S and Kailasapathy, K., “Microencapsulation: Science
and technologies for probiotics and prebiotics. In: Probiotic and
prebiotic Foods: Technology, Stability and Benefits to the
Human Healthâ€, Nova Science Publishers, NY. ISBN. 978-1-
-842-4, 2011.
Syahirah, S. N., Y. Anida, “Optimization of Aloe vera and
alginate as encapsulating matrices for Lactobacillus acidophilus
using FCCD-RSM approachâ€, Proceedings - 2013 IEEE 3rd
International Conference on System Engineering and
Technology, ICSET. 2013
Krasaekoopt, W., B. Bhandari, “Evaluation of encapsulation
techniques of probiotics for yoghurtâ€, International Dairy
Journal, vol. 13, no.1, pp. 3-13, 2003.
Annan, N. T., A. D. Borza, “Encapsulation in alginate-coated
gelatin microspheres improves survival of the probiotic
Bifidobacterium adolescentis 15703T during exposure to
simulated gastro-intestinal conditionsâ€, Food Research
International, vol. 41, no.2, pp.184-193, 2008.
Ling-Xia Pan, Xiu-Juan Fang, Zhen Yu, Yang Xin, Xiao-Ying Liu,
Lu-E Shi, Zhen-Xing Tan., “Encapsulation in alginate–skim milk
microspheres improves viability of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in
stimulated gastrointestinal conditionsâ€, Journal International
Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol.64, no. 3, 2013.
Gullón B1, Gullón P, Tavaria F, Alonso JL, Pintado M., “In vitro
assessment of the prebiotic potential of Aloe vera mucilage and
its impact on the human microbiotaâ€, Food Function, vol. 6, no.
, pp 525-31, 2013.
Zanjani MAK, Tarzi BG, Sharifan A, Mohammadi N, Bakhoda H
and Madanipour MM., “Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei
with calcium alginate-resistant starch and evaluation of survival
and sensory properties in cream-filled cakeâ€, African Journal of
Microbiology Research, vol. 6, pp. 5511-5517, 2012.
Homayouni A, Azizi A, Ehsani MR, Yarmand MS and Razavi SH.,
“Effect of microencapsulation and resistant starch on the
probiotic survival and sensory properties of synbiotic ice
creamâ€, Food Chemistry, vol. 111, pp. 50-55, 2008.
Bouhadir KH, Lee KY, Alsberg E, Damm KL, Anderson KW,
Mooney DJ., “Degradation of partially oxidized alginate and its
potential application for tissue engineeringâ€, Biotechnology
Progress, vol. 17, pp. 945–950, 2001.
Borchers A.T., Selmi C., Meyers F.J., Keen C.L., Gershwin M.E.,
“Probiotics and immunityâ€, Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 44,
pp. 26–46, 2009.
Elizabeth C. Verna, “Use of probiotics in gastrointestinal
disorders: what to recommend?â€, Therapy Advance in
Gastroenterology, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 307–319, 2010.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis) and are not currently under consideration by another journal published by any other publisher.
- It is also the authors responsibility to ensure that the articles emanating from a particular source are submitted with the necessary approval.
- The authors warrant that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required.
- The authors ensure that all the references carefully and they are accurate in the text as well as in the list of references (and vice versa).
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.